The Truth About Magnetic North and South Poles

The fundamental origin of magnetism generated by electricity only produces concentric circle vortex magnetic fields, and cannot directly generate magnetic fields with physical north and south poles. The north and south poles are not inherent magnetic charges carried by matter, nor objective entities brought by magnetic monopoles. They are far field equivalent phenomena formed after vector superposition of a large number of vortex magnetic fields under the condition that charges carry out surrounding cyclotron motion. Free electrons inside an energized straight conductor only reciprocate and vibrate along the conductor direction, and only output pure concentric circle vortex magnetic fields, with no north south pole effect observed. When the conductor is wound into a helical coil, charges form cyclotron motion around the center. This physical mechanism is similar to the co directional cyclotron motion of outer layer free electrons around atomic nuclei after permanent magnets are magnetized. A large number of local vortex magnetic fields superpose cooperatively, and equivalent north and south poles emerge. It must be clarified that only movable free electrons in the outer layer participate in magnetization. Inner electrons of atoms are strongly bound by atomic nuclei, and external magnetic fields cannot change their orbital motion state. If the motion mode of inner electrons is disturbed, the atomic structure will be directly destroyed and even lead to the instability of the atomic system. The motion of protons and positrons can also excite vortex magnetic fields. Vortexes have inherent winding directions, but a single vortex itself does not have north and south poles. The NS magnetic field line pattern drawn in textbooks is a simplified schematic tool for easy understanding, not the physical ontology. The real microscopic unit of the field is always the vortex magnetic field. Vortexes have inherent left handed and right handed spiral directivity, and this inherent direction determines the orientation of equivalent north and south poles after superposition. Since the fundamental magnetic field is only a closed vortex field and there is no independent magnetic charge source, physical magnetic monopoles cannot exist in physics. This paper uniformly explains magnetic phenomena including conductors, solenoid coils and permanent magnets based on the homologous superposition of vortex magnetic fields, and puts forward physical inference to deny the existence of physical magnetic monopoles.