Key result
Blood investigation non-compliance (aOR 8.47; 95% CI 3.54-20.28) and diabetes duration >5 years (aOR 4.55) were strongly associated with uncontrolled glycemic status (overall prevalence 59.8%).
Why the study?
Diabetes control remains suboptimal in India’s NCD clinics despite implementation of the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases (NP-NCD).
Cross-Sectional (n=164)
Yes
Odds Ratio: 8.47 (95% CI 3.54–20.28)
p-value: p=<0.001
A high prevalence (59.8%) of uncontrolled glycemia among type 2 diabetics in primary health centers highlights significant care gaps driven by investigation non-compliance, male gender, and long disease duration.
Background: Prevalence of diabetes is on a rising trend worldwide as well as in India. Diabetes control remains suboptimal in India’s noncommunicable diseases (NCD) clinics despite the implementation of the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases (NP-NCD). This study assessed glycemic status and determinants among diabetics attending health and wellness center (HWCs)–urban primary health centers (UPHCs). Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study of 164 type 2 diabetics (≥6 months duration) consecutively recruited from NCD clinics of two UPHCs in the months of October and November 2025. Glycemic status was determined using hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) where available, or fasting and postprandial blood glucose values according to the American Diabetes Association criteria. Medication adherence was measured using the Hill–Bone Medication Adherence Scale and blood investigation compliance was measured objectively. Multivariable logistic regression identified determinants of uncontrolled glycemic status, and a sensitivity analysis restricted to participants with HbA1c measurements was performed. Results: The proportion of diabetics with uncontrolled glycemic status was 59.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 51.8–67.3). Significant predictors included male gender (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.59; 95% CI: 1.11–6.05; P = 0.027), obesity (aOR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.13–0.74; P = 0.008), diabetes duration >5 years (aOR: 4.55; 95% CI: 2.02–10.21; P < 0.001), and blood investigation non-compliance (aOR: 8.47; 95% CI: 3.54–20.28; P < 0.001). Sensitivity analysis yielded findings consistent with the primary analysis. Major barriers to blood investigation non-compliance were inconvenience, waiting time, and forgetfulness. Conclusion: High uncontrolled glycemia (59.8%) among NCD clinic attendees underscores implementation gaps. Male gender, long duration, and investigation non-compliance drive poor outcomes. Point-of-care testing and targeted interventions can optimize primary care diabetes management under the NP-NCD.
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Somashekara et al. (2026) conducted a cross-sectional in Type 2 diabetes (n=164). Blood investigation non-compliance vs. Blood investigation compliance was evaluated on Uncontrolled glycemic status (aOR 8.47, 95% CI 3.54-20.28, p=<0.001). Blood investigation non-compliance (aOR 8.47; 95% CI 3.54-20.28) and diabetes duration >5 years (aOR 4.55) were strongly associated with uncontrolled glycemic status (overall prevalence 59.8%).
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