Factors associated with employment among persons who have a vision impairment: a follow-up of vocational placement referrals

This paper presents findings from a follow-up study of persons with a vision impairment who were referred to vocational placement services. Study objectives were to determine the employment status of respondents and identify the factors associated with employment and more positive employment characteristics. Data were collected from telephone interviews ( N=167 ) and consumer case records. The sample consisted of all persons who were referred to Lighthouse Vocational Placement services during a five year period. The results indicated that of respondents who were not involved in another ``primary activity'' (e.g., attending college), 54% employed. Predictors of employment included having been integrated into a regular school setting (as opposed to special schooling for persons who have a disability) for most of their schooling, reading primarily printed material, and receipt of technology training. Predictors of employment in higher level positions and perceived underemployment (match between abilities and job responsibilities) were also examined. Receiving technology training and receiving fewer hours of rehabilitation teaching emerged as significant predictors of employment in higher level positions. Underemployment was predicted by lack of encouragement received in looking for work. Findings from this study may be useful in identifying potential risk factors associated with poorer vocational outcomes among persons with vision impairments.