The Association between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Glycated Hemoglobin A in Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis

Background.The association between Helicobacter pylori infection and glycated hemoglobin A has been confirmed in many studies, but these conclusions are still contradictory and controversial. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to resolve the problem of inconsistent results in diabetes.Methods. A comprehensive search was conducted on related researches published in PubMed, Embase, and China Academic Journal Full-text Database (CNKI) from the inception of each database to April 2019. Fixed or random effects model was used to pool the weighted mean difference with 95% confidence interval from individual studies. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also performed. Publication bias was estimated by funnel plot, Egger’s test, and fail-safe numbers.Results. 35 studies with 4,401 participants with diabetes were included in the meta-analysis. Glycated hemoglobin A levels were elevated in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection compared with patients without Helicobacter pylori infection ( WMD=0.50 , 95% CI: 0.28-0.72, p<0.001 ). In subgroup analysis by the subtype of diabetes, there was a correlation between Helicobacter pylori infection and elevated glycated hemoglobin A in type 1 diabetes ( I2=74% , p<0.001 , WMD=0.46 , 95% CI: 0.12-0.80), and in type 2 diabetes ( I2=90% , p<0.001 , WMD=0.59 , 95% CI: 0.28-0.90, p<0.001 ). In subgroup analysis by the study design, there was a correlation in cross-sectional study ( I2=89% , p<0.001 , WMD=0.42 , 95% CI: 0.16-0.69, p≤0.003 ) and in case-control study ( I2=83% , p<0.001 , WMD=0.39 , 95% CI: 0.14-0.64, p≤0.003 ). By different methods for detecting Helicobacter pylori, there was a correlation in the biopsy group ( I2=83% , p<0.001 , WMD=0.6 , 95% CI: 0.11-1.09, p≤0.03 ) and in other groups of test methods ( I2=87% , p<0.001 , WMD=0.37 , 95% CI: 0.17-0.56, p<0.001 ). Sensitivity analysis showed that our results were reliable, and no evidence of substantial publication bias was detected.Conclusion. The meta-analysis might indicate a correlation between Helicobacter pylori infection and glycated hemoglobin A levels in diabetes.