Association of Whole Grain Consumption with Socio-Demographic and Eating Behavior Factors in a Korean Population: Based on 2007-2008 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

The objective of the current study was to examine associations of whole grain consumption with socio-demographic (i.e.: sex, age, household income, education, marriage status) and certain eating behavior factors (i.e.: dish source, eating place, meal type) among a generally healthy Korean population. Using twenty-four hour recall data from the 2007-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, whole grain intake (g/day) was calculated for a total of 8,836 generally healthy Koreans aged 6 years and higher. The study subjects had very low whole grain intake. Specifically approximately 60% of the subjects reported no whole grain consumption on the survey day, and mean daily intake ranged from 8.0 g to 15.1 g in different gender and age groups. Living with a spouse was found to be a positive environment factor for whole grain consumption, especially among men. As household income levels increased, whole grain consumption status also improved. The proportion of non-consumer was lowest in a 6-19 year group, and mean intake amount was highest in middle-aged adults. Major dish sources for whole grain consumption included boiled rice with mixed grains, corn, boiled rice with brown rice, cereal products, and other types of boiled rice. It was found that whole grain consumption was highly affected by eating places rather than meal types. The best contributing eating place was home in each age and gender group. The study findings may be useful in planning nutrition education strategy and formulating dietary behavior guidelines for whole grain consumption improvement. (Korean J Community Nutr 16(3) : 353~363, 2011) KEY WORD : whole grain consumption·socio-demographic factors·eating behavior factors·Koreans ————————————————————————— 서 론 ————————————————————————— 전곡은 정제된 곡류와 달리 식이섬유소, 비타민 B군, 미량 무기질, 다양한 생리활성물질 등을 다량 함유하고 있는 배아 와 겨층을 포함하고 있어 영양적 우수성이 인정된다(Jones 등 2002). 다수의 대규모 영양역학연구는 적절한 전곡류의 섭취는 심장혈관질환, 암, 당뇨병, 고혈압 등의 만성질환을 예방하는 효과가 있는 것으로 보고하였다. Anderson 등 (2000)이 실시한 12개 관찰연구에 대한 메타분석연구는 규 칙적인 전곡류의 섭취가 심장혈관질환의 발생위험을 약 26% 감소시킨다고 보고하였으며, 약 75,000명의 성인 여성을 10 년간 추적한 코호트 연구는 전곡류 섭취가 가장 높은 quintile 군의 심장질환 발생율이 가장 낮은 quintile군에 비하여 25% 낮음을 관찰하였다(Liu 등 1999). 또한 같은 연구에서 하 루 3회 분량 이상 전곡류 식품을 섭취하였을 때 뇌졸중의 위 험이 36% 정도 감소함을 보고하였다. 전곡류의 섭취는 당 뇨병 발생의 감소와도 유의한 관련성이 있는 것으로 알려져 접수일: 2011년 6월 29일 접수 수정일: 2011년 6월 13일 수정 채택일: 2011년 6월 16일 채택 *This research was conducted by the generous financial support of the Youlchon Foundation (Nongshim Corporation and its affiliated companies) in Korea. Corresponding author: Seungmin Lee, Department of Food & Nutrition, Sungshin Women’s University, 147 Mia-dong, Kangbukgu, Seoul 142-100, Korea Tel: (02) 920-7671, Fax: (02) 920-2076 E-mail: smlee@sungshin.ac.kr