Based on observations of Alcoholics Anonymous as its program has affected change in many members, and from clinical experience with alcoholic patients, a hypothesis is formulated concerning the effective psychological events which make possible the maintenance of sobriety. Four elements are recognized as playing an essential role: hitting bottom, surrender, ego reduction, and maintenance of humility. The application of this conceptualization in individual psychotherapy is discussed and illustrated with case material.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Harry M. Tiebout (1961) studied this question.