Embryonic exposure to ambient concentrations of PFAS impairs the innate immune response in zebrafish and fathead minnow

comparison of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARΥ) predicts that the fathead minnow receptor could have a stronger ligand-binding affinity. These findings demonstrate that environmentally- relevant PFHxS or PFOS exposures can suppress innate immune function in a species specific and non-monotonic dose response, potentially increasing susceptibility to pathogen-induced mortality in fish.