Exploring Double Skin Façade to Enhance Energy Efficiency in the Design of AIrport Main Terminal Building, Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria

This study investigates the effectiveness of Double Skin Façade (DSF) systems in reducing energy consumption in airport terminals in the hot-dry climates of northern Nigeria. Focusing on lighting and cooling loads, the research combines field surveys, energy audits, and parametric simulations using DesignBuilder and EnergyPlus. Two case study airports Kaduna and Mallam Aminu Kano were analyzed to establish baseline energy consumption and building performance. Simulations tested DSF cavity depths of 300–1500 mm and various high-performance glazing options, including low-emissivity, tinted, triple-glazed, and photovoltaic-integrated systems. Results show that DSF can reduce lighting loads by 26–29%, with a 300 mm cavity depth on east- facing façades achieving the highest cooling load reduction. Photovoltaic-integrated DSF also offers the added benefit of solar energy generation. The findings highlight the importance of façade design, cavity depth, glazing selection, and orientation in enhancing energy efficiency. Recommendations include prioritizing 300–600 mm cavities, exploring natural ventilation and dynamic shading, and integrating renewable energy systems. These provide practical guidance for sustainable airport design in hot climates.