The present study reports the successful synthesis of Sn 1– x Cr x O 2 nanoparticles with doping content ( x ) ranging from 0 to 0.20. Samples were synthesized by a polymer precursor method using SnCl 2 ·H 2 O and Cr(NO 3 ) 3 ·5H 2 O as metal ion suppliers. In all samples X-ray diffraction data show one single-phase formation (rutile-type), with crystalline size (crystal strain) decreasing (increasing) monotonically while increasing the x content, which are assigned to substitutional solution of Cr and Sn ions in the crystalline structure. In addition to a weak magnetic ordering observed in a few samples ( x = 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, and 0.05), paramagnetism is the main magnetic contribution in all synthesized samples, which is due to the presence of two chromium ions (Cr 3+ and Cr 4+ ). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements confirm the coexistence of Cr 3+ and Cr 4+ ions in excellent agreement with the monotonic decrease of the [Cr 3+ ]/[Cr 4+ ] versus doping content ( x ), assessed from the fitting of the susceptibility versus temperature data using the Curie–Weiss law.
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Aragón et al. (2017) studied this question.