Graphitic carbon nitride: A review of its promising role in biological activities

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) is a highly versatile nanomaterial that attracts significant attention in the biomedical field. This article discusses various methodologies that are applied to prepare g-C 3 N 4 nanomaterials. Furthermore, in the biological domain, g-C 3 N 4 exhibits promising potential in diverse areas, such as anti-cancer activity, antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, and tissue engineering. Hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, pH-responsive behavior, cell proliferation, high purity, and easy surface modification of g-C 3 N 4 have boosted its importance in biomedical applications. Furthermore, g-C 3 N 4 composite enhances the efficacy of conventional drugs, opening up new avenues for treating different diseases and improving biological processes. Its unique properties enable remarkable advancements in these fields, contributing to the development of efficient and sustainable nanomaterials. This review is likely to inspire new biomedical treatments using verities of g-C 3 N 4 nanomaterials.