Clinical medication guidance for hypertension personalization through pharmacogenomic research and analysis

Objective We investigated the distribution of polymorphisms in five hypertension-related drug-target genes including cytochrome P450 2C9 ⁎ 3 ( CYP2C9⁎3 ), angiotensin II receptor type 1( AGTR1 ) ( 1166 A>C ), cytochrome P450 2D6⁎10 ( CYP2D6⁎10 ), β1-adrenergic receptors ( ADRB1 ) ( 1165 G>C ), and angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE I/D ) in patients with hypertension in Beijing. The study aimed to provide a theoretical basis that will guide the application of personalized hypertensive therapy in this population and develop more targeted prevention and treatment strategies for hypertension and other chronic disease in different regions. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 317 patients with hypertension from Beijing who were admitted to Peking University People’s Hospital from October 2021 to January 2024. The polymorphisms of five genes associated with Class A and B antihypertensive drugs were detected through real-time fluorescence PCR. In addition, we explored the distribution of different genotypes in the patient population while considering gender and comorbidities. Results: We obtained a significant difference in ADRB1(1165 G>C) between males and females, and the allele mutation frequency of ACE I/D was found to be higher in the Beijing population. Conclusion: Most hypertensive patients in the Beijing region carry a high frequency of CYP2D6⁎10, ADRB1(1165 G>C) , and ACE I/D genes, implying that they might be more sensitive to β-blockers, potentially benefitting more from ACEI drugs. The high allele frequencies of CYP2D6⁎10, ADRB1(1165 G>C) , and ACE I/D in Beijing hypertensive patients indicate enhanced sensitivity to β-blockers and good therapeutic response to ACE inhibitors. Therefore, clinicians need to account for these factors when prescribing the aforementioned medications.