We have used Differential Aperture X-ray Microscopy (DAXM) to measure grain orientations and deviatoric elastic strains in 3D around a tin whisker. The results show strain gradients through the depth of the tin coating, revealing a higher strain deeper in the Sn layer. These higher strains are explained by the volume change occurring during growth of the intermetallic phase Cu 6 Sn 5 at the interface between the Cu substrate and the Sn coating and at grain boundaries between Sn grains.
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Hektor et al. (2017) studied this question.
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