Local therapy for triple-negative breast cancer: a comprehensive review

Owing to its aggressive course, triple-negative breast cancer remains an important clinical issue of current interest compared with hormone-receptor positive subtypes. Recent research has focused on determining the optimal local therapy (breast conversation therapy vs mastectomy) for this cancer subtype. In this overview, we examine outcomes based on immunohistochemistry, gene expression profiles, type of local therapy and in the era of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Based on multiple observational reports risk for locoregional recurrence appears to be similar to reported outcomes in other subtypes. However, distant recurrence continues to be a significant concern for triple-negative breast cancer, indicating the need for better systemic therapies. To date, insufficient evidence exists to determine whether breast conserving therapy or mastectomy results in superior outcomes.