Autism spectrum disorder and vaccination: Dispelling myths and presenting evidence

Introduction/Objective: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neuro-developmental condition with a multifactorial and not yet fully understood etiology. Following the publication of Andrew Wakefield's 1998 paper suggesting a possible association between the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine and ASD, public confidence in vaccination declined substantially. This review aimed to examine and summarise the current scientific evidence on the association between MMR vaccination and ASD. Methods: A narrative review of the available scientific literature was conducted, focusing on epidemiological studies, cohort studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses evaluating the potential association between MMR vaccination and ASD. Results: The reviewed evidence consistently shows no causal association between MMR vaccination and ASD development. Conversely, declining vaccination coverage has contributed to the re-emergence of measles outbreaks in several countries. Current evidence strongly supports the safety, effectiveness, and favourable benefit-risk profile of the MMR vaccine. Conclusion: Available scientific evidence confirms that the MMR vaccine does not increase the risk of ASD. Promoting evidence-based communication and maintaining high vaccination coverage remain essential to prevent vaccine-preventable diseases and address vaccine hesitancy.