Efficient high active mass paper-based energy-storage devices containing free-standing additive-less polypyrrole–nanocellulose electrodes

A novel approach is employed to fabricate free-standing and additive-free paper electrodes containing up to 90 wt% polypyrrole (PPy), and with PPy mass loadings up to 20 mg cm −2 , which demonstrates excellent charge storage performance for paper-based energy storage devices.