Emerging architectures of halide perovskite based transistors for optoelectronic and neuromorphic systems

Till now, different materials have been explored in the industry for electronic and renewable energy applications. Today, perovskites are being researched in almost every field, especially solar cells (∼35 % efficiency), owing to their high absorption coefficients, better carrier transport, minimal exciton binding energies, and high carrier timespan. However, perovskite based electrical devices attracts little attention and require optimization owing to their environmental, operational instabilities and their ionic nature. Field-effect transistors (FETs) are a significant component in an electronic industry and are appealing to huge research attention for their optimization and research applications. Herein, we review the existing status of perovskite FETs (P-FETs), significant challenges during their deployment, functionalization and an outlook for their future direction. Firstly, we have reviewed the basic physics of perovskite devices and physical processes that influence their functionality. The P-FETs functionality under dark was very limited and presents lower carrier mobility and environmental stability. Then, the performance of P-FETs under light was reviewed and critically assessed. Unlike electrical synapsis with limited bandwidth and resistive heating, optically enabled wearable artificial sensors based on perovskites present good potential in the field of neuromorphic computing. We have surveyed organic, inorganic and double perovskite devices that can simulate various synaptic behaviors under light. Double perovskites present their candidacy due to their superior light absorption, high carrier mobility and better environmental stability. At the end, key challenges that restrict the performance of P-FETs are summarized and discussed. The useful apprehensions gained from different types of P-FETs may fix these challenges and promote this evolving field of study one step further. Overall, this review article opens the way for perovskite-based photodetectors with preeminent performance.