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The conditions of the excitation of transverse and longitudinal polar modes in Raman scattering (RS) processes in lithium niobate crystals co-doped with iron and cerium are determined using a backscattering geometry. Raman spectra revealed an increase in the concentration of NbLi point defects being deep electron traps responsible for the photorefraction effect in doped crystals in comparison with the nominally pure congruent crystal.
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Pyatyshev et al. (2022) studied this question.
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