Diabetes and Hypertension: An International Health Challenge for 2022-24: Diabetes: Global Challenge

Diabetes and hypertension are known to be major risk factors for kidney failure, cardiovascular disease and early death among the most common non-communicable diseases in the world. These two conditions have become more common in recent years in low- and middle-income countries, including Iran. This article analyses scientific data for the period 2022-2024 to investigate the causes of the rise in diabetes and hypertension, their interactions and the treatment options to reduce the global burden. The results show that the main causes of the epidemic are changes in lifestyles, the rise in obesity and poor access to health services. Prevention and control of these diseases also depend heavily on the integration of public education and health care systems. Chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension are a major challenge to global health. In addition to being a threat to health, they are closely linked and increase the risk of complications such as stroke, kidney failure and cardiovascular disease. Diabetes and hypertension have become much more common in Iran and worldwide in recent years, and in 2022-2024, they were identified as the leading cause of death and disability in several communities. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that by 2045, 700 million people worldwide will have diabetes, up from the current 422 million (WHO, 2021). Similarly, more than 1 in 13 people worldwide have hypertension, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (NCD Risk Factor Collaboration, 2017). The frequent occurrence of these two conditions increases the likelihood of serious complications