A Cross-Sectional Study on Lifestyle, Dietary, and Socioeconomic Determinants of Myocardial Infarction in Adults

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality in the world and myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the serious manifestations of ischemic heart disease. The low middle-income countries such as Pakistan are increasing the myocardial infarctions due to urbanization and western lifestyle. This study nvestigates the demographic, lifestyle, dietary, socioeconomic and clinical determinants of myocardial infarction in hospitalized patients in Faisalabad, Punjab. Data were collected using the standardized questionnaire and the medical records. The results indicate that individuals who had myocardial infarction (MI) were older and had higher body mass index (BMI) in comparison with those who did not have MI. Patients with a heart attack were more likely to stay in rural areas, do inadequate physical exercises, smoke, often eat fast food, and had undergone bypass surgeries. In adjusted models, age, rural resident, non-exercise, higher BMI, frequent fast food intake and undergoing bypass surgery were individually related to myocardial infarction. These findings reveal the significance of the changeable risk factors and underscore the necessity of prevention measures that would consider behavioral risks and disparities in the health service access.