Research Directions for Ergonomic Challenges in Collaborative Human–Robot Workplaces

The integration of collaborative robots into shared workspaces introduces new ergonomic challenges beyond traditional automation. This study provides an integrative synthesis of research on ergonomics in human–robot collaboration, identifying key factors, limitations, and research directions. The results show that ergonomics in collaborative workplaces is a multidimensional and system-level issue, involving physical, cognitive, and organizational aspects. While cobots can reduce physical strain, they may simultaneously increase cognitive and coordination demands. The study highlights the need for integrated, adaptive, and human-centered approaches to support safe and effective collaboration in real industrial environments.