Tricoordinate Arylboron Radicals: From Molecular Design to Electronic Structure Modulation

This review systematically summarizes recent advances in tricoordinate arylboron radicals, organized according to charge states.The development of boron-centered anionic, neutral, and cationic radicals is discussed in sequence, with emphasis on their molecular design strategies, structural characteristics, and electronic properties.Particular attention is devoted to the roles of bulky substituents, extended π-conjugated frameworks, carbene ligands, and rigid cyclic architectures in governing radical stability, spin distribution, singlet-triplet energy gaps, and redox behavior.The structure-property relationships underlying these systems are critically analyzed, and future perspectives in this rapidly evolving field are outlined.This review aims to provide useful guidelines for the rational design and functional applications of open-shell organoboron compounds.