Effectiveness of Treatments for Coronary Artery Disease

This review is to evaluate the current evidence on the effects of biomaterials on different cell types involved in cardiac repair and regeneration following myocardial infarction. Particular attention is given to the interactions of biomaterials with cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, macrophages, cardiac progenitor cells, and mesenchymal stromal cells, as well as their effects on inflammation, angiogenesis, fibrosis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and cellular survival. A structured literature review was conducted to identify and evaluate studies investigating the effects of biomaterials on cellular processes involved in cardiac repair and regeneration following myocardial infarction. The review was designed in accordance with the principles of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020) guidelines. The literature demonstrates a substantial expansion of biomaterial-based approaches for myocardial repair following myocardial infarction (MI). The biological effects of biomaterials were found to depend strongly on their composition, mechanical properties, degradation characteristics, architecture, surface chemistry, and the presence of incorporated biological signals. Biomaterials can support cardiomyocyte survival, promote endothelial cell-mediated angiogenesis, regulate macrophage-driven inflammation, modulate fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix remodeling, and improve the retention and regenerative activity of stem and mesenchymal stromal cells. These coordinated cellular effects may contribute to reduced adverse ventricular remodeling and improved structural and functional recovery of the injured myocardium.