Pulsed green laser welding of copper materials: A statistical-based methodology for parameters setting

A statistical methodology is presented to simultaneously optimize fracture force, penetration level, and electrical resistance characteristics of pulsed green laser welded copper-copper parts by incorporating operational parameters such as laser defocusing, laser power, pulse duration, airflow, pulse overlapping, laser frequency, pulse shape, and type of shielding gas. The experiments were conducted based on pre-screening, Placket-Burman, and central composite design steps. Empirical relationship for separately predicting each characteristic, and operational parameters setting for concurrently optimizing pre-required values of the three characteristics; were developed. The results indicated that the finest outcomes of fracture force, penetration level, and electrical resistance can be achieved at high power and pulse duration values; air flow only affects the penetration level and electrical resistance characteristics.