The effect of the alloying elements Al, Cr, Mn, Mo, Si and Ti on the corrosion behaviour of ferritic Fe-15Cr model alloys was studied in a N2/He-5 vol.% O2 gas mixture with and without additions of 500–1500 vppm HCl at 600°C. The main corrosion mechanism is “active oxidation”, characterized by the formation of volatile metal chlorides at the metal/oxide interface. Volatilization and subsequent conversion of the chlorides into oxides results in the formation of porous and poorly adherent oxide scales. Large mass gains were observed for Fe-15Cr, Fe-35Cr and Fe-15Cr with additions of 5 wt.% Ti, 10 wt.% Mn or 10 wt.% Mo. The specific morphology of the corrosion products depends strongly on the alloying elements. For the Fe-Cr alloys, a model for the formation of the scales, which are characterized by alternating dense and porous layers, is presented. The addition of 5 wt.% Si or Al to Fe-15Cr leads to much better corrosion resistance by the formation of protective Cr2O3/Al2O3-layers, however in the case of Al addition the behaviour depends strongly on the experimental conditions, as surface treatment and flow velocity. In Fe-15Cr-10Mo preferential removal of the more reactive metals Fe and Cr was observed resulting in a Mo-enriched porous metal zone underneath the metal-oxide interface. The effect of carbon on the corrosion behaviour was examined by addition of 0.3–0.8 wt.% C to the model alloys. Cr-rich M23C6-carbides were attacked preferentially while Mo-rich M6C-carbides are very stable relative to the matrix and the attack occurs in regions surrounding the carbides.
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Zahs et al. (1999) studied this question.