Exploring wireless electric vehicle charging systems: Emerging developments, challenges, and future directions

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging (WEVC) systems have become a game-changing remedy aimed at enhancing the convenience, safety, and efficiency of electric vehicle (EV) charging. Unlike traditional plug-in systems, with WEVC, physical connectors are no longer necessary by utilizing wireless energy transfer technologies, such as resonant electromagnetic techniques, capacitive coupling, and inductive coupling. These technologies enable seamless power delivery from charging pads to onboard vehicle receivers, allowing EVs to be charged either in stationary or dynamic conditions without manual intervention. This review provides a comprehensive examination of recent advancements in WEVC systems, focusing on improvements in energy efficiency, power transfer capabilities, and adaptability with existing transportation infrastructure. Key innovations in coil design, alignment mechanisms, and power electronics have significantly improved the reliability and performance of these systems. Despite these advancements, several technical and economic challenges persist, including misalignment losses, electromagnetic interference, high implementation costs, and limitations in standardization and interoperability. The review further discusses the regulatory and safety factors that need to be taken into account in order to guarantee the secure implementation of WEVC technology, especially in urban and high-traffic environments. Additionally, the integration of WEVC with smart grid systems and renewable energy sources holds great promise for enhancing grid resilience and enabling energy-efficient transportation networks. The synergy between wireless charging and intelligent traffic management could further promote the development of sustainable, connected, and automated mobility solutions. By evaluating the current state of research and deployment, this review emphasizes the transformative potential of WEVC in supporting environmentally friendly transportation and contributing to the development of smart cities. Future research directions are proposed to overcome existing limitations and accelerate the widespread adoption of this innovative technology.