J. Timothy McMahon and John M. Ivancevich This study of 2,123 managers and 2,742 nonmanagerialline and staff-personnel focuses on their control perceptions, satisfaction, and performance. A number of hypotheses are tested to examine the managers' perceptions of total control, distribution of control, and concordance, as well as the satisfaction and performance of line and staff nonmanagerial employees. The findings indicate that high managerial concordance is the most accurate predictor of nonmanagerial satisfaction and performance.e
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McMahon et al. (1976) studied this question.