A new species of Prophorostoma Townsend (Diptera, Tachinidae) collected by Johann Natterer during the Austrian scientific expedition to Brazil (1817–1835)

A new species of the Neotropical genus Prophorostoma Townsend, 1927 (Diptera, Tachinidae, Dexiinae) is described based on specimens collected by the famed Austrian naturalist Johann Natterer during his expedition to Brazil (1817–1835) and housed at the Natural History Museum Vienna (NHMW). Prophorostoma nattereri sp. nov . is the first Dexiinae species to be identified among Natterer’s vast Brazilian collections. The remarkable history of the specimens, which survived over 200 years after being collected in Brazil, is highlighted to emphasize the unique scientific value of historical museum collections. Illustrations of the holotype and an updated identification key for Prophorostoma species are included.