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Ecoclear® a heterogeneous catalytic ozonation process, has been in commercial operation since 1992 at an ozone consumption of 1.7 kg ozone per kg COD removed. Chlorinated hydrocarbon concentrations in contaminated groundwater are reduced to less than 10 μg/L. A second full scale installation was commissioned early in 1996 for leachate treatment. It is incorporated in the Biomembrat®-Plus process, a combination of biological treatment, nanofiltration and catalytic ozonation, at an ozone consumption of less than 1.0 kg ozone per kg COD removed.
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Jan P. Kaptijn (1997) studied this question.
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