Design and application of hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks for next-generation alkali metal ion batteries

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Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) represent a burgeoning class of porous materials distinguished by their remarkable attributes, such as substantial structural flexibility, facile synthetic conditions, excellent solution processability, inherent regenerative capabilities, and notable recyclability. These advantages position HOFs as promising candidates for diverse applications, especially in the realms of energy storage and conversion. However, the intrinsic fragility and reversibility of the hydrogen bonds constituting their frameworks frequently lead to instability, thereby undermining their ability to preserve permanent porosity and restricting their widespread application. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the various synthetic strategies employed to fabricate HOFs, categorizes the approaches designed to enhance their structural stability, and delves into the latest progressions in their utilization, particularly in alkali metal ion batteries (AMIBs). The paper critically addresses the challenges and opportunities associated with the current limitations of HOFs, proposing strategies to ameliorate these constraints and bolster their performance in energy storage applications. Furthermore, it outlines prospective avenues for advancing the development of HOFs, emphasizing the need for innovative solutions to improve their stability and porosity for sustained use in energy-related technologies.