Reframing landscape architecture sustainability through energy and environmental management

Sustainable development is a fundamental concern in landscape architecture, aiming to deliver design solutions that meet present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own. From the perspective of energy and environmental management, sustainable landscape development can be more effectively achieved. Energy management plays a vital role by promoting resource efficiency, reducing energy consumption, and integrating renewable energy sources through strategies such as passive solar design, appropriate material selection, and green infrastructure systems. These approaches support environmentally responsible design while lowering long-term operational and maintenance costs. The study employs the Sustainable Site Planning and Design (SSPD) framework and empirically evaluates its performance against EEDI, EPC, and WRM using energy efficiency, water management, sustainable materials, and ecological protection indicators. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework consistently achieves superior performance across all evaluation metrics, confirming its effectiveness in promoting sustainable landscape architecture. Environmental management further contributes by conserving and enhancing natural ecosystems through sustainable land-use practices.