Pre-trial therapy guidance and its implications for victims, witnesses and professionals: a scoping review of empirical research

Pre-trial therapy (PTT) occupies a critical position at the intersection between psychological therapy and criminal justice proceedings. A scoping review focused on PTT in common law jurisdictions was conducted. 31 studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings suggest that research on PTT remains fragmented, underdeveloped, and focused on victims of sexual offences; most existing research hails from grey literature, does not primarily focus on PTT and relates mainly to England and Wales. Qualitative evidence suggests variation in how PTT guidance is interpreted and implemented, which may contribute to ethical dilemmas for professionals and impact experiences of and access to therapy. While revisions to PTT guidance in England and Wales represent a significant policy shift, evidence examining recent guidance and practice is limited; further research is needed to explore implementation and victim experiences. Overall, findings highlight tensions between the aims of therapeutic and criminal justice processes and the need for collaborative approaches.