Artificial Intelligence, Climate Change and Sustainable Agriculture: A Method for Improving Food Security in Enugu State, Nigeria

Climate change poses a serious threat to agricultural productivity, rural livelihoods and food security in Enugu State, Nigeria. Rising temperatures, irregular rainfall, flooding, soil degradation and erosion increase farmers’ vulnerability and may reduce crop yields. Artificial Intelligence (AI) provides emerging opportunities to address these challenges through data-driven and climate-smart agricultural practices. This paper examines the role of AI, climate-change adaptation and sustainable agriculture in improving food security in Enugu State. The study adopts a qualitative desk-review approach, drawing on relevant scholarly literature, policy documents and institutional reports. It examines AI applications in weather forecasting, crop and soil monitoring, pest and disease detection, precision farming, irrigation management, yield prediction and digital agricultural extension services. The review indicates that integrating AI with sustainable agricultural practices can improve farm productivity, resource-use efficiency, climate resilience and farmers’ decision-making. However, inadequate digital infrastructure, limited technical skills, high technology costs, poor internet connectivity, insufficient agricultural data and weak extension services may constrain adoption, particularly among smallholder farmers. The paper recommends investment in digital infrastructure, farmer training, affordable AI technologies, research, extension services and supportive policies to strengthen sustainable food production and food security in Enugu State.