Transmission Loss Evaluation in Floating Photovoltaic Systems Through Comparative Assessment of Cable Materials and Cell Designs

Floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems are gaining prominence as a sustainable energy solution, yet their electrical performance is significantly influenced by transmission line losses. This study examines these effects in a 2‐MW FPV system using heterojunction (HJT), passivated emitter rear contact, and tunnel oxide passivated contact module technologies with copper and aluminum conductors having cross‐sectional areas of 150–1500 mm 2 and parametric conductor length sensitivity from 1 to 10 km. After correcting the annual yield presentation so that each cable size is treated as an independent simulation case, the calculated annual production remains within approximately 0.9–2.7 GWh/year across the evaluated scenarios, consistent with the rated plant capacity. Copper conductors consistently reduce resistive losses compared with equivalent aluminum conductors, while increasing conductor cross section markedly improves voltage drop, performance ratio, and energy yield behavior. The very large voltage drops obtained for small conductors at long lengths are interpreted as analytical boundary cases rather than practical operating conditions. For the long‐distance sensitivity cases evaluated here, HJT combined with large copper conductors (≥1000 mm 2 ) provides the strongest overall loss reduction performance, with diminishing electrical benefit as the conductor size approaches 1500 mm 2 .