Environmentally Adaptive Asymmetric Bilayer Hydrogel Actuators for Self‐Sensing, Programmable Actuation, and Dynamic Anti‐Icing/Deicing

Surface icing severely compromises the deformation, interfacial functionality, and sensing capability of soft systems, while existing active–passive ice‐management strategies often integrate these functions without directly coordinating the mechanical driving force with interfacial detachment resistance. Inspired by mammalian panniculus carnosus twitching, an environmentally adaptive asymmetric bilayer hydrogel (poly(acrylamide‐co‐tert‐butyl acrylamide)/sodium alginate/silicone oil (PAS) // poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)/MXene (PNIPAM/MXene)) is developed to couple programmable mechanical actuation, interfacial lubrication, and in situ state perception. The passive PAS layer maintains a low‐adhesion lubricating interface under subzero conditions via molecular‐lock‐mediated lubricant retention and deformation‐assisted silicone‐oil redistribution, while spatially patterned PNIPAM/MXene regions convert localized near‐infrared (NIR) stimulation into programmable deformation. The asymmetric architecture transforms active‐layer contraction into interface‐directed mechanical action, and interfacial lubrication reduces the corresponding ice‐detachment resistance. This coordination enables rapid ice shedding within 24 s and preserves pronounced flexibility at −15 °C. Meanwhile, resistance variations monitor the actuation state, whereas triboelectric signals generated during interfacial separation and sliding distinguish the evolution from local debonding to complete ice shedding. This work establishes a structure‐mediated collaborative mechanism for environmentally adaptive soft icephobic interfaces, providing a framework for integrating programmable actuation, sustained interfacial lubrication, and real‐time state perception in dynamic ice management.