Psychosocial impact of natural disasters in a rural Himalayan community: A qualitative study

Background: The Himalayan region is highly vulnerable to disasters such as landslides, cloudbursts, and flash floods. Difficult terrain and limited resources often delay rescue and recovery efforts, which negatively affect the mental health of affected communities. Aim: To explore the lived experiences, psychological impact, support systems, and perceived needs of disaster-affected communities in Munsyari block, Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand, and to generate context-specific insights to strengthen community-based disaster mental health responses. Materials and Methods: A qualitative design was used, involving three focus group discussions (FGDs) with 6–10 participants each, aged 25–60 years, from Borahabaggad and Dhapa villages. After obtaining verbal consent, discussions lasting 45–60 minutes were recorded, transcribed in the native language, and translated into English. Data were thematically analyzed using Atlas.ti software to support coding and organization. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional ethics committee. Results: Findings revealed that strong community relationships offered crucial emotional and material support. However, recovery was hindered by financial constraints, inadequate infrastructure, and limited access to formal mental health care. Participants reported dependence on informal support systems and insufficient long-term government assistance. Improved disaster preparedness and locally grounded support were identified as key needs. Conclusion: The study concludes that while community networks play a vital role, they are inadequate to address the full spectrum of survivors’ needs. Integrating mental health into disaster response and strengthening community-based preparedness can enhance resilience and mitigate long-term psychological impacts.