Impacts of mindfulness- and cognitive behavior-based interventions on psychological and physiological health outcomes in females with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review

This review synthesized the effects of mindfulness-based (MBIs) and cognitive behavior-based (CBIs) interventions on psychological and physiological outcomes in females with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Searches across PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Scopus, and ProQuest identified randomized and non-randomized controlled trials. Twelve studies ( n = 5 MBIs; n = 7 CBIs) published between 2015 and 2024 met criteria. Mean sample sizes were 54 (MBIs; n = 269; range = 45–66) and 94 (CBIs; n = 374; range = 33–183). Both intervention types improved psychological outcomes. MBIs showed benefits for depression, anxiety, stress, self-esteem, and body image, whereas CBIs improved depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and PCOS-related quality of life. Physiological findings were inconsistent. CBIs showed potential reductions in weight, systolic blood pressure, free androgen index, and anti-mullerian hormone, while MBIs reduced free testosterone and cortisol. Overall, CBIs and MBIs show promise for improving psychological well-being, whereas physiological benefits remain inconclusive. More robust trials are needed to clarify the long-term benefits.