Key result
Echocardiography reliably detects pericardial effusion with volumes as low as ~15 mL.
Why the study?
Despite echocardiography's usefulness in detecting pericardial effusion, challenges remain in accurate interpretation and avoiding false-positive diagnoses.
Echocardiographic pericardial effusion detection demands meticulous technique to avert false positives; leaves open standardized criteria for contemporary use.
Echocardiography has proved to be quite useful in the detection of pericardial effusion. As little as 15 ml of fluid within the pericardial space can be detected. Specific signs of pericardial effusion, such as electrical alternans and paradoxical pulse, have become better understood by echocardiographic study. Yet, with all the benefits of echocardiography, the detection of pericardial effusion still may be quite difficult if careful attention is not given to technique. False-positive diagnosis of anterior pericardial effusion can be seen with epicardial fat pad, pericardial cyst, or foramen of Morgagni hernia. False-positive posterior pericardial effusion can be seen in large left pleural effusion, calcified mitral anulus, or excessively medial transducer angulation. New "switched-gain" circuits have helped detection of pericardial effusion by enhancement of pericardial echoes.
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William R. Jacobs (1978) conducted a review in Pericardial effusion. Echocardiography was evaluated. Echocardiography is highly useful for detecting pericardial effusion, capable of detecting as little as 15 ml of fluid within the pericardial space.
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