A real-time validated improved voltage stabilizer with model predictive control–based hybrid energy storage optimization

This work introduces an improved voltage stabilizer (IVS) architecture that combines a model predictive control (MPC)-based power system stabilizer (PSS) with a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) to increase voltage stability in microgrids. The proposed IVS–MPC architecture manages the active power support of batteries and super capacitors to efficiently reduce voltage fluctuations caused by renewable energy sources that aren’t always available and quickly changing loads. The stabilizer uses MPC’s ability to forecast future events to anticipate possible problems and change the HESS’s charging and discharging activities in real time, allowing for quick remedial control actions. This predictive and coordinated control system makes both steady-state voltage regulation and transient voltage recovery better.The battery unit mostly deals with long-term power imbalances, while the super capacitor makes up for short-term changes, thus the system can adapt quickly to changes over a range of time scales. The control method also has an optimization layer that figures out the best power contribution from each storage component. This makes better use of energy and cuts down on wasteful battery cycling.The OPAL-RT platform was used to test the proposed IVS–MPC method in real time, which showed that it worked. When compared to traditional PSS and voltage stabilizer designs, the suggested method shows better performance in terms of reducing voltage deviation, faster settling time, and better damping when the load changes. Both simulated and real-time experimental results show that the IVS-assisted HESS coordination greatly improves the microgrid’s ability to regulate voltage.