Estimation of a valuation function for the Health and Self-Management in Diabetes Questionnaire (HASMID) in Hong Kong SAR, China

To develop a Hong Kong (HK)-specific preference-based value set for the HASMID, a diabetes-specific instrument for estimating health-related quality of life (HRQoL) utilities, using a discrete choice experiment with duration (DCE-TTO) approach. A web-based survey was conducted among 2,105 HK residents aged 20–80 years, recruited via quota sampling to reflect the HK general population. Participants completed 15 DCE tasks, each presenting two HASMID health states with duration. Data were analyzed using conditional logit (CLM) and mixed logit (MXL) models, with adjustments for logical consistency and monotonicity. Utility decrements were anchored to the 0 (dead) to 1 (full health) scale via marginal rates of substitution. Preference heterogeneity and robustness were assessed through subgroup analyses, interactions, and latent class modeling. The adjusted CLM model yielded a value set with utility decrements ranging from − 0.012 to -0.183 across HASMID’s eight domains. Mood and support were the most influential domains (each ~ 16% of total utility loss), followed by vitality (14%) and stress (13%). The worst health state had a utility of -0.118, indicating states worse than dead. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the results were generally stable across alternative specifications and subgroups. This HK-specific HASMID value set enables the estimation of QALY for diabetes interventions, thereby supporting cost-utility analyses and informing resource allocation decisions in HK’s healthcare system.