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Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are promising new large-area light sources on their way to commercialization. However, there is still much room for improvement in terms of device efficiency and long-term stability under electrical operation. In this paper, we review the current issue of efficiency analysis based on optical simulations of state-of-the-art OLED stacks. In detail, we present a method to determine the radiative quantum efficiency of the emitter, figure out the crucial points for nonisotropic emitter orientation, and discuss the application of the developed method to analyze degradation effects during electrical operation.
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Schmidt et al. (2013) studied this question.
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