Review on the significance and clinical application of anti-p53 autoantibody detection

As a critical tumor suppressor gene, mutations in p53 often contribute to the initiation and progression of cancer. Anti-p53 autoantibody (p53-AAb), produced by the immune system in response to mutated p53 protein, can be detected in the blood during early stages of tumor development. As a non-invasive biomarker, p53-AAb demonstrates potential for early screening, auxiliary diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, and treatment monitoring across various cancer types. Based on current literature and evidence-based medical data, this Review Article provides an overview of the scientific rationale, technical aspects, and clinical applications of p53-AAb testing. It summarizes practical considerations to guide scientific research and clinical practice, with the aim of promoting standardized utilization of this biomarker.