Genetic analysis of sensitivity of Bonga and Menz sheep to climate variation under tropical conditions

Purpose This study aims to investigate the genetic background of performance sensitivity to climate variation in Bonga and Menz sheep, with the goal of improving the efficiency and sustainability of sheep production under variable climate conditions. Design/methodology/approach The productive and reproductive performance of Bonga and Menz sheep collected over 14 years were analyzed together with pedigree and climate data using a reaction norm model. Findings Some degree of heterogeneity in additive genetic variance and direct heritability estimates over the trajectory of temperature-humidity index and rainfall was observed for productive traits of both sheep breeds. The productive and reproductive performance of Menz and the reproductive performance of Bonga sheep were less sensitive to climate variation, and there was a less uniform genetic response to varying climate conditions. Besides, many robust animals for both sheep breeds indicate inherent performance stability and adaptability to climate variability. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is one of the few studies focusing on the genetic background of sheep performance sensitivity to climate variability. It offers useful information for developing breeding strategies to increase the efficiency and sustainability of sheep production under climate variability.