A conceptual framework and a set of indicators have been developed for monitoring R&D as a factor in the development and use of big data technologies. The framework has three main components: national scale of research and development, level of research and development in comparison with other countries, and international cooperation as well as cooperation between academia and business. The calculation of indicators and a comparative analysis of the results obtained with other countries were carried out.
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Khokhlov et al. (2026) studied this question.
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