Application of Ion-Exchange Resins and Adsorbents for Reducing Targeted Wine Contaminants: Sulfur Dioxide, Volatile Phenols, and Biogenic Amines

The presence of certain chemical contaminants in wine, such as sulfur dioxide, volatile phenols, and biogenic amines, represents a significant challenge for wine quality and consumer acceptance. In recent years, increasing regulatory pressure and market demand for wines with fewer additives have intensified the need for new effective technologies to improve wine quality when necessary. This research demonstrates the application of ion-exchange resins and selective adsorbent materials as a technological tool to reduce common target contaminants present in wine and mitigating their impact on overall quality. However, this technology has not been approved by the regulatory organization (OIV). The results demonstrate that this technology can effectively reduce the concentrations of target compounds while preserving the overall quality and sensory profile of the wine, with low impact on other chemical parameters. The effectiveness of the treatments was strongly dependent on the type of resin and target compound. Efficiencies ranged from 24% to 100%. Aroma losses did not show significant change, while total polyphenol decreased by between 4% and 60%. This study provides practical insights for the integration of these technologies into winemaking processes when strictly necessary, thereby contributing to innovation and sustainability in the wine sector.