Collagen from livestock by-products has become an important strategic resource for the development of bioactive peptides due to its sustainable sourcing and unique amino acid composition. As a high-value product of collagen transformation, collagen peptides demonstrate exceptional versatile potential through their distinctive sequence architecture, dynamic self-assembly properties, and abundant modifiable sites. The characteristics of collagen peptides not only endow them with multiple bioactivities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and tissue regeneration effects, but also drive industrial breakthroughs in multiple fields: in food industry, they are used as intelligent preservation materials and functional enhancers, improving product quality and nutritional value; in biomedicine, they are employed to construct targeted drug delivery systems and biomimetic tissue scaffolds, accelerating the translation of precision medicine; in materials science, they are utilized to develop environmentally responsive smart materials, expanding applications in flexible devices and green packaging. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the green preparation technologies, molecular structural characteristics, and multi-target physiological activity mechanisms of collagen peptides, and discusses their application progress in food, medicine, materials and other fields. By synthesizing current knowledge, this work offers theoretical support for the resource utilization of livestock by-product collagen and highlights innovative pathways for the deep development of collagen peptides in chronic disease intervention, regenerative medicine, and smart materials.
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Yang et al. (2026) studied this question.
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