Rebuttal confirms unsegmented neural traces in Cambrian lobopodian Cardiodictyon catenulum, indicating that the ancestral panarthropod brain was unsegmented.
Budd et al . challenge the identity of neural traces reported for the Cambrian lobopodian Cardiodictyon catenulum. Their argumentation is unsupported, as are objections with reference to living Onychophora that misinterpret established genomic, genetic, developmental, and neuroanatomical evidence. Instead, phylogenetic data corroborate the finding that the ancestral panarthropod head and brain is unsegmented, as in C. catenulum .
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Strausfeld et al. (2023) studied this question.
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