Interior and Surface Synergistic Modifications Modulate the SnNb2O6/Ni-Doped ZnIn2S4 S-Scheme Heterojunction for Efficient Photocatalytic H2 Evolution

Interior and surface synergistic modifications can endow the photocatalytic reaction with tuned photogenerated carrier flow at the atomic level. Herein, a new class of 2D/2D SnNb 2 O 6 /Ni-doped ZnIn 2 S 4 (SNO/Ni-ZIS) S-scheme heterojunctions is synthesized by a simple hydrothermal strategy, which was used to evaluate the synergy between interior and surface modifications. Theoretical calculations show that the S-scheme heterojunction boosts the desorption of H atoms for rapid H 2 evolution. As a result, 25% SNO/Ni 0.4 -ZIS exhibits significantly improved PHE activity under visible light, roughly 4.49 and 2.00 times stronger than that of single ZIS and Ni 0.4 -ZIS, respectively. In addition, 25% SNO/Ni 0.4 -ZIS also shows superior structural stability. This work provides advanced insight for developing high-performance S-scheme systems from photocatalyst design to mechanistic insight.