Occupational hazards of carbon dioxide exposure

This paper is an overview of the occupational hazards that result from exposure to carbon dioxide. It details the main uses, characteristics, and problems that have been identified when carbon dioxide is utilized in various working environments. Carbon dioxide is always a danger when present in enclosed spaces at elevated concentrations. Situations resulting from acute and chronic exposures involving the gaseous and dry ice forms of carbon dioxide are discussed in detail. Current rationale concerning exposure limits and monitoring recommendations are highlighted.