Test Characteristics of Parent's Visual Analog Scale Score in Predicting Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Malfunction in the Pediatric Emergency Department

OBJECTIVES: Many parents of children with ventriculoperitoneal shunts present to the emergency department for evaluation of a possible shunt malfunction. No study to date has evaluated their ability to predict a shunt malfunction. Our study objective was to evaluate parents' accuracy for predicting a shunt malfunction in their child. We hypothesize that parents more experienced with prior shunt malfunctions are better able to predict subsequent malfunctions in their child. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, descriptive study on children younger than 18 years presenting to our tertiary care pediatric emergency department with a possible ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunction. Parents rated the likelihood of a shunt malfunction using an unmarked 100-mm visual analog scale marked definitely malfunctioning at the high end. An experienced parent was defined as one who had previously experienced at least 3 shunt malfunctions in their child. RESULTS: We enrolled 85 parent-child dyads in our study. Twenty-four children were diagnosed with a malfunction. The predictive ability of parents to determine a shunt malfunction was found at a threshold visual analog scale score of 66 (sensitivity, 88.9%, and specificity, 62.2%). At a determined threshold value of 85 or more, experienced parents had a high specificity of 89.2% with a positive likelihood ratio of 5.1. Experienced parents showed an area under the curve of 0.7928 (95% confidence interval, 0.6037-0.9819); and inexperienced parents, 0.5611 (95% confidence interval, 0.3646-0.7576) (P = 0.096). CONCLUSIONS: Experienced parents are better able to predict a shunt malfunction in their child.