Epidemiological Investigations of Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Implications of ECG and HRV Analysis

Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of mortality worldwide, and is considered as a major public health challenge necessitating the identification and analysis of key risk factors. Among all the fatalities in India, nearly a quarter i.e. 24.46% is attributed to CVD as per the Global Burden of Disease study (2021). Aim This study examines the epidemiological effects of cardiovascular risk factors, such as heart rate variability (HRV) and electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis, diabetes, smoking, alcohol use, obesity, and hypertension, focusing on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in India, with a specific emphasis on the state of Madhya Pradesh. Method It investigates the relationship between heart rate (HR) and various risk factors associated with cardiovascular problems, along with an assessment of heart rate variability (HRV) as an indicator of cardiovascular health through the ECG of 200 individuals. Results A comprehensive analysis of epidemiological data identifies key risk factors contributing to the prevalence of CVD in the region, including lifestyle habits, socio-economic factors, and genetic predispositions. Utilizing both cross-sectional and longitudinal data, the research evaluates the impact of these risk factors on HR and HRV. Findings highlight significant correlations between elevated HR, reduced HRV, and increased cardiovascular risk, providing insights into the potential for HRV assessment as a diagnostic tool for early detection and management of CVD. Conclusion Our findings contributes to a deeper understanding of cardiovascular health dynamics in Madhya Pradesh and the possible risk factor associated with cardiovascular diseases offering evidence-based recommendations for public health interventions.